PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ANEMIC SYNDROME IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Anemia is a pathology characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin level and, in most cases, in the number of erythrocytes in blood. This concept unites a group of diseases with different etiology, which determines the tactics of management of a patient by a physician or hematologist. According to epidemiological data, today 32.9% of the world population suffer from anemia, which evidences the widespread prevalence of this pathology. Anemia is recognized as an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in cardiovascular diseases, and can be considered not only a predictor, but also a marker of a poor prognosis. Anemia is common in patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system: according to the literature, it is diagnosed in one third of patients with chronic heart failure and in 10-20% of patients with coronary heart disease. The process of development of anemia in cardiovascular pathology is multifactorial, the underlying causes are chronic inflammation, sideropenia, hemodilution, decreased production and insufficient activity of erythropoietin. This review describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of the formation of anemic syndrome in various diseases of the cardiovascular system, analyzes the degree of influence of anemia on the severity of the course of cardiac pathology, and presents the results of recent studies on the problem of the combination of anemia and cardiovascular diseases.