Investigation of factors of EU port competitiveness

The importance of ports in the European context is proved by studying the various management characteristics and difficulties in developing a common European policy, as well as the measures taken by the EC to improve competition in this area. The main provisions of the Green Paper as a means of increasing competitiveness are considered and its main points are analyzed. The directions of the EU policy on the development of the port industry by regulating the competitive strategies of ports, in order to promote, regulate and ensure port competition at the local, regional and international levels, are considered. Transport is becoming an integral part of the production process, as globalization, ports and the maritime sector are key factors in logistics concepts. The EU's experience has shown that a cost-effective, reliable and competitive port system is of strategic importance for achieving the liberalization of competitive trade. Moreover, to ensure that the role of ports contributes to the success of these principles, the EU is trying to create a single national policy. The main purpose of this policy is to promote the means of managing port financing, competition and improving the state of the port industry. It was emphasized that the EU proposals can be reduced to four main areas: improvement and modernization of port infrastructure and their inclusion in the transEuropean transport network; creation of a competitive playing field; promotion of research and development for ports; establishing a dialogue between all partners to address relevant issues. However, the first difficulty with the formation of a unified national policy in the port industry is the difference in the size of ports, capacity, geographical location, management, operation and employment. The main differences between European ports are the result of different cultures and ways of thinking. First of all, the three control theories are similar between the ports under study. Further, the size of the port can be local, national or international. There is a very important similarity between these ports, as they are all international; they serve the same great theory and are the gateway to Europe. Employment is an important factor, as in Europe you can find two part-time or basic wage or permanent jobs. On the other hand, the main differences that can be identified are the way of working and the geographical location. In other words, if the port is an estuary or coastal, it is a natural harbor or a system of closed docks. This factor is one of the main differences between ports, as it provides a comparative advantage in terms of maneuverability. others. These differences are actually one of the reasons why the EC initiated the EU Law, which should apply to ports.