Monsoon Flood Disaster in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Case Study: A Comprehensive Review

A flood is a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry, and a disaster is something that happens suddenly and causes suffering or loss to many people. Flood disasters can be categorized into flash, mud, and monsoon floods. Flash floods exist because of human activities, mud floods happen as a result of highlands, and monsoon floods occur due to the rainy seasons that happen naturally. Therefore, this review study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of local residents in adapting the monsoon flood disaster in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Monsoon floods can be divided into northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon floods. Northeast monsoon floods bring heavy rain, but southwest monsoon floods bring little rain. Hence, northeast monsoon floods hit Kelantan, and the study area will only be concentrated in the city of Kota Bharu. As a result, monsoon floods cause destruction and changes in physical and mental characteristics of local residents. So, they made some physical in (like house condition, high area for documents placing, emergency roof top, and flood warning system) and mental (like daily need sources, evacuation centers, boats and buoys, and involvement of authorities) changes in characteristics to prepare for facing the monsoon flood. Therefore, local residents proved that they successfully adapt to monsoon flood disasters.