Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which causes demyelination and variable axon loss in the brain stem or spinal cord. Multiple Sclerosis is one of the most common causes of non-traumatic disability in young adults and women(2).30% of these patients with clinically isolated syndrome will have progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis within 12 months after presentation(3). The course of disease in multiple sclerosis is hard to predict ranging from benign course to classic relapsing-remiting, chronic progressive, rare fulminant course, relapsing-remitting with progression into a secondary progressive form after varying period of time or primary progressive right from the start(2).A combination of environmental and genetic factors which lead to autoimmune reaction against CNS structure which in turn results in CNS tissue damage and neurological impairment.(2).Depending on the localization and characteristics of the morphological changes in both white and grey brain matter, different symptoms and signs may occur(2).Relapsing phases of ms are usually heralded by focal burst of inflammation in the white matter of the spinal cord and brain, while in the progressive phase there is a slow relentless axonal and neuronal loss. The focal burst of inflammation not only results in demyelination but also incomplete remyelination.(4).Main course of reduces mobility in multiple sclerosis is lack of physical activity, the progression of the disease which leads to a secondary sequel(2).Drugs and interferon?s are strikingly effective(4).The autoimmune etiopathology, immune modulator drugs are treatment of choice, if this drugs are not effective monoclonal antibodies(2).They are two routes that the monoclonal antibody treatment can be given which is through IV infusion or through Oral route(1).