Friction Factor Diagram on Turbulent Flow by Different Reynolds Number in Small Pipes

This article presents proposed model and application of proposed model investigation of different Reynolds number of turbulent flow in periodically small pipes. Here we discussed a universal resistance equation relating friction factor (F), the Reynolds number (Re) and roughness height (?) for the entire range of turbulent flow in small pipes covering regimes in smooth and rough. We have also discussed about the variation in friction factor F, used in the Darcy Formula with the Reynolds number in both laminar and turbulent flow. As discussed Colebrook-White formula deviates from Nikuradse experimental results in transition range of their difference in roughness factor. Hazen-Williams equation and review of equations on friction factor to be used. Such an equation is found to be sufficient to predict the friction factor for all ranges of Re and different values of (?).