Research of pests control methods on grain storage facilities and product bases of enterprises of the state reserve system of Ukraine

At present, the enterprises of the State Reserve system have a long-term storage of a large number of wheat and other cereals, as well as a significant range of food products. Recently, due to the violation of the organizational and economic method of storage of grain crops and the system of technological operations during their cultivation, the amount of grain damaged by pests and pathogens has increased, as a result, it gets to the elevators of low quality. This facilitates access to such grain during storage of collar pests. There is another important factor in enhancing the negative effects of collar pests - warm, with a short frosty winter, which only stimulates their reproduction. For these reasons, up to 100% of the crop can be lost during storage. Poor preparation of the granary for storage, moisture, and high grain temperature can also be the reason. The article is devoted to the essence and content of such a problem as the control of various pests in granaries and food bases. The article provides a brief overview of the main existing pest species and methods of pest control. As a result of research for the enterprises of the State Reserve system of Ukraine the most effective method, ozonation and ultrasonic loading is chosen. The technology of decontamination of warehouses is given, the advantages and disadvantages of this method are shown. The article also presents an effective method of rodent control in granaries and food warehouses with the help of ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic radiation, the technology of application of ultrasonic frequencies to repel rodents is proposed. The article presents the method of research using industrial ozonator, shows its technical characteristics and also presents the results of research and the main parameters of ozonation of the warehouse (ozone concentration and duration of treatment). Recently, ozonation of premises has become widespread in pest control. Ozonation - a technology for decontamination of premises, based on the use of ozone gas - a strong oxidant. Special installation - ozonator produces ozone from oxygen contained in atmospheric air. The approximate required capacity of the ozonator is 3 - 5 g/h per 100 m3 of room volume. Large granaries and food warehouses require additional fans to mix the air. Ozonation is carried out in the absence of people. People should not enter for 1.5 - 2 hours after switching off the ozonator, while ozone decomposes into oxygen, if necessary, you can enter in an ozone respirator or a respirator with a carbon filter. An effective method of combating rodents and insects in granaries and food warehouses is deterrence by ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic radiation. Ultrasonic deterrent generates sound waves of high frequency and high volume, electromagnetic generates pulses that are transmitted through electrical wiring. These devices create an uncomfortable environment for rodents and insects, forcing them to leave the room. To avoid rodents getting used to ultrasonic radiation, the devices automatically change the range of emitted ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic waves are reflected from solid materials and coatings (wood, glass, concrete, etc.) and are absorbed by soft materials (curtains, carpets, products stored in bags, etc.).