Pathological Impact of Johne’s Disease in Cattle: A Review Article

Johne’s disease is an international healthiness problem affecting ruminants. It is caused by Myobacterium avium spp.  paratuberculosis (MAP). It has serious production-limiting important and also caused significant cost-effective loss in flocks due to direct impact on delayed/reduced breeding, infertility, culling, mortality, and milk reduction. This disease is problematic to diagnose because of elongated incubation times. Proof of identity this disease subclinical can shed the organism as a source of infection for other herds; so, it is critical for control. The present study deals with the morphological (grossly, histopathologically and histochemically) characterization of the disease in cattle. The corpse appears hidebound with sunken eyes and with persistent and non- responsive diarrhea. The necropsy of visceral showed gelatinization and outlying fat. Grossly chiefly pathological alterations in digestive tract  such as severe congested of small intestine with marked thickening of its wall a combined with enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes  and  gallbladder appear  distension with severe thickening walls and blood mixed with bile. Histopathological examinations revealed severe infiltrations of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and epithelioid cells with multiple langhans giant cells in bowel layers and mesenteric lymph nodes with diffuse lepromatous reaction were observed in these lymph nodes and other organs like liver, tonsils and kidney.