Prospects for international integrated research of the carbon cycle in the system "soil-plant-atmosphere"

Ukraine is located about at the latitude of France, the northern part of the United States and southern Canada and has similar to these countries natural conditions. Different in terms of soil and climate conditions, the regions of agriculture in Ukraine can be considered as analogues of similar natural conditions of agricultural areas in other parts of the world. Soils with a high carbon content are more productive and able to better filter and purify water. Water contained in the soil serves as a moisture source for 90% of world agricultural production. One of the main areas of research is the study of the ratios of main products and by-products of yield, as well as root and plant residues when having different soil fertility and using promising varieties and hybrids of crops. The use of optical express methods should be carried out according to the stages of organogenesis of field crops, which will enable to specify the relationships between them, to develop criteria and indicators for effective regulation of nitrogen and carbon cycle in the system "soil - plant - atmosphere", to develop models of formation and transformation of root and other plant residues taking into account changing agrometeorological factors, crop rotations, features of the branch structure of agricultural production, varieties and hybrids of field crops. In the future, this will enable to determine the areas in the selection aimed at accumulating root mass and achieving garanteed deficit-free balance of organic carbon in the soil. The research will enable to purposefully and effectively regulate the cycle of carbon and nitrogen, both at the level of individual agricultural production systems and on the scale of the same type of agricultural areas and regions, taking into account the whole set of variables, including features of the sectoral structure of production, climate change, etc.