A survey and comparison of TV white space implementations in Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States

For improving the utilization of the television radio spectrum, different countries worldwide have been testing and implementing White Space Devices (WSDs) that make use of the Television White Space (TVWS). This paper compares the implementations, standards, and regulations of TVWS of different countries, particularly Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and the Philippines. Comparisons on various points were made, mainly on the spectrum identification technology used, the classifications of their respective WSDs, the frequency range, bandwidth, and transmit power of operation, and the safety standards implemented. Having defined regulations for the use of TVWS would assure investors of the stability and the future of the technology. Furthermore, the commercialization and trials of TVWS to bridge gaps are also reported to show different use cases of TVWS for current and future deployment.