Morphofunctional support of physical efficiency of students specializing in volley-ball, biathlon, boxing

The purpose of the study was to study the type of body structure and the functional state of the cardiovascular system of students specializing in biathlon, boxing and volleyball, while performing the functional test PWC170. Methods of research: anthropometry, tonometry, spirography, photoplethysmography, spectral (frequency) analysis of cardiac rhythm variability, cardiointervalography, bicycle ergometry, methods of mathematical statistics of data analysis. The results of the conducted research indicate that for biathletes and boxers there is a mesomorphic type of body structure with a certain advantage in dolmer dolphin boxers, wide chest cavity, relatively low location of the center of gravity of the body, in contrast to volleyball players who differ in brachymorphy with relatively narrow thorax, high values of relative body mass, high location of the center of gravity of the body.The results of the submaximal PWC170 test indicate a significant improvement in the relative valuesof the biathlete students, which is provided by the expanded oxygen-transport capabilities of the student body, which indicates a relatively high level of aerobic possibilities of the cyclic form of sporting and pedagogical activity. So, after 1 load, sympathetic regulation of cardiovascular activity in the students of the considered groups of the sports and pedagogical improvement is observed. In the phase of restitution after 1 load and 7 min after the completion of the test, the balance shifts towards parasympathetic regulation. Indices characterizing the activity of the cardiovascular system differ slightly from the students of the considered groups of the sports and pedagogical improvement, in contrast to the vegetative index of Kerdo, which, in biathletes, indicates a relatively higher level of domination of parasympathetic regulation. At the same time, the high-wavelength component of regulation is dominant, whereas in boxers and volleyball players - low and superficial ranges are represented by higher values of relations. Absolute values of the ratio of average values of the low-frequency and high-frequency components of HRV, which characterizes the expressed vascular to respiratory sinus arrhythmias of the heart, and indicates a greater balance of parasympathetic regulation in biathletes and volleyball players, in contrast to boxers, in which the balance of HRV has a sympathetic severity, causing differences that depend on its specifics and reflect the character of the dominant exercises.