Eco-friendly and modern methods of livestock waste recycling for enhancing farm profitability

The livestock waste is major source of noxious gases, harmful pathogens and odor; hence, it has public health and environmental concern. Hence, livestock waste is to be managed properly to mitigate production of these pollutants in order to protect environment. Proper utilization of livestock waste into biogas, compost and vermicompost making can be very useful to increase crop yield and sustainability. The work carried out regarding livestock waste management and value addition in some developed and some developing countries have been reviewed. India and China are the two leading Asian countries using biogas technology. The biogas can be successfully purified and after bottling at 150 bar pressure can be used as CNG cylinders in vehicular and cooking application. The biogas plant of 60 m3 capacity if used for biogas bottling can save $147/day. The integration of composting and vermicomposting is better compared to either composting or vermicomposting as it requires less time to complete cycle and furthermore, the substrates produced after combined process has better physical and chemical properties which can support crops. The recent work suggested that algae cultivation from livestock waste can be converted into bio-oil and other many valuable products. The waste fed or livestock integrated fish farming has good potential to generate the income.