Pyomyositis with rhino-orbital mucormycosis in type II diabetes mellitus

Mucormycosis is a devastating infection caused by fungi from the order Mucorales. Rhino-orbital (RO) and Rhino-cerebral (RC) are two forms of the disease which are uncommon, acute, and aggressive infections caused by these fungi occurring in several immune - compromised states including diabetes which is the most common (60-80%) predisposing factor. Because of its rapid progression and high mortality, early recognition and aggressive treatment offer the only chance to increase the survival rate. We reported a case of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis (ROM) caused by Rhizopus oryzae (R. arrhizus) that developed in a 39 years old male patient with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and pyomyositis. He was successfully managed with liposomal amphotericin B, nasal endoscopic surgery and correction of underlying predisposing factors.