A security scheme based on blockchain and a hybrid cryptosystem to reduce packet loss in IoV

The internet of vehicles is a future technology that uses autonomous vehicles and road infrastructure to provide convenience to drivers and prevent accidents caused by driver negligence. However, autonomous vehicles are vulnerable to network attacks because they collect information using wireless communication. An attacker penetrates the autonomous vehicle's network to drop information or forge and retransmit information. An autonomous vehicle that collects forged information may cause an accident due to incorrect driving. A scheme applying blockchain to the internet of vehicles has been proposed to prevent attacks occurring on autonomous vehicles. Blockchain has excellent security and has better performance when operating in a small network. However, blockchain is difficult to operate in a large network, and it takes a long time to encrypt and decrypt messages. Blockchain technology can cause packet loss when used in environments with many driving vehicles. In this paper, we solve the packet loss problem using a security scheme that combines blockchain and a hybrid cryptosystem. The proposed scheme constructs a block chain with only the road infrastructure and verifies information through a control center. Autonomous vehicles use the hybrid cryptosystem to collect information while maintaining security. In the proposed scheme, the time consumed for encryption/decryption can be reduced by using a hybrid cryptosystem. As a result of the experiment, the proposed scheme reduces accidents caused by packet loss by about 80% compared to the existing scheme using a private block chain.