Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Pregnancy Outcomes in the Dangme West District of Ghana

Background: Improvement in maternal healthcare services is crucial among nations as women are more vulnerable during pregnancy, especially in developing countries with poor health systems. This study assessed the socio-cultural factors that affect pregnancy outcomes in the Dangme West District of Ghana. Methods: Qualitative methods were employed using the Dangme West District. Data was collected using key informant interviews involving health professionals in the area of maternal health care and focus group discussions with women attending antenatal clinic in the district. Results: Findings from the study indicate that most women in the district attend antenatal clinics. They prefer delivering with Traditional Birth Attendants or in prayer camps to preserve their family tradition of not using health facilities during childbirth. Pregnancy outcomes are highly influenced by cultural traditions, with pregnant women avoiding nutritious foodstuffs such as eggs, certain types of fish, fatty meat, and some vegetables due to their beliefs, a situation resulting in pregnancy-related complications such as anaemia, premature delivery, and low birth weight. Key factors affecting maternal health outcomes include poverty, poor infrastructure in the district, nutrition, religious beliefs, illiteracy, and attitude of health professionals. Conclusions: This study reveals a range of socio-cultural factors that impact directly on maternal health outcomes and which need to be targeted through appropriate public health actions.