Incidence of Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Management - A Retrospective Study

Maxillofacial trauma occurs in a significant proportion worldwide. It can occur as an isolated injury or in combination with other injuries like Cranial, Spinal, Extremities and Abdomen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern, incidence, etiology and the treatment modalities for maxillofacial injuries. The medical records of all patients from July 2019 to March 2020 from hospital were retrieved, data extracted, tabulated and analysed. Statistical analysis was done for demographic data, pattern, site of injury and management with the SPSS software (version 20.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and results obtained. Our study revealed that the main etiology of the maxillofacial injuries was found to be road traffic accidents (p<0.03) followed by assault. Males sustained more injuries (85.9%) than females. Mandible was the most commonly injured site (53.8%) followed by dentoalveolar fractures (23%), Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (10%), Naso-orbitoethmoid fractures (NOE) (2%), and Panfacial fracture (1%). In our study 33% of maxillary and condylar fractures were managed by Closed reduction and 67% of fractures were managed by Open reduction. Open reduction and internal fixation was the preferred treatment modality and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01) From our study we can conclude that road traffic accidents were the most common cause for maxillofacial injuries, males were more affected and mandible was the commonly fractured site. Although the majority of cases were treated successfully by Open reduction and internal fixation, closed reduction can be done wherever indicated.