Strategy of Integration of Sea Port Terminals as a Direction of Improving their Effective Functioning

It has been proven that in the context of globalization of production and increasing consumption, the logistics and transport industry is faced with the task of satisfying the complex demands of consumers. Manufacturing enterprises are recognizing the need for effective supply chain management in response to a globalized economy and competition, and hence the need to adopt new strategies such as supply chain management and global sourcing and outsourced logistics functions. First, we will structure the existing research on the selected topic. Such a literature review should provide a basis for and identify changes in research trends. The systematization of scientific literature on terminal operations and port efficiency provides justification for specific popular areas, but does not cover all problematic issues. Port management reforms continue to take place in different ways, depending on the situation in the country or region. Thus, maritime researchers increasingly tackled port-related problems in the context of supply chain management or port research. Based on these studies, three approaches to the philosophy and practice of supply chain management can be distinguished: studies on the impact on the shipping and port industry, the application of supply chain management concepts and models for port research, and the integration of supply chain activities. Researching the Impact of Supply Chain Management on the Port Industry. Examines the impact of supply chain management strategies adopted by manufacturing companies on the port industry. He typically views supply chain management as a phenomenon that occurs outside of port operations, and analyzes the dynamics among market players when exposure is externally. Research on the application of supply chain management concepts for ports. Consider supply chain management concepts and models as analytical tools for addressing and expanding port operations and management issues. Based on the position that the port industry has been significantly influenced by supply chain management practices and accepts this approach as the dominant logistics perspective. Research on supply chain integration activities. This approach also views ports as an extended system that interacts with other parts of the supply chain. In addition, this approach recognizes the integration of supply chain management and the integration of supply chains as phenomena that can take place in ports along the supply chain and views ports as a holistic system that actively participates in the phenomenon under study. A port-to-supply chain integration strategy must be firmly based on a strong focus on supply chain integration within individual seaport terminals. Successful implementation of this strategy necessarily implies a significant increase in terminal productivity.