Assessment Of Relationship Between Periodontal Disease And Pregnancy- A Retrospective Study

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic disorders of infectious origin known in humans. Adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been linked to periodontal disease include preterm birth, low birthweight, miscarriage or early pregnancy loss, and pre-eclampsia. Changes and increase in sexual hormones during pregnancy affect different organs and produce an alteration of the immune system Pregnancy hormones cause changes in gingival environment by increasing plaque retention leading to pregnancy related gingivitis/periodontitis. Thus the aim of the study was to assess the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnant women. The details of the patients were obtained from patients records that are formulated in an institutional setting. Data was downloaded and imported to excel sheet. The excel sheet was imported to spss software 23 and the results were obtained in the form of graphs and tables. From the results obtained we found that out of 55 subjects, patients of age group 26- 30 years(29.09%) were more commonly affected with periodontal disease and women of age group 31-40 years(10.91%) were the least affected and the results obtained were statistically significant (p<0.05). 22 patients who were in the 2nd trimester (40%) were prevalent to develop periodontal disease during their gestation period and women in the 1st trimester were the least affected (5.45%) and the results obtained were statistically significant. Thus it is important to make the pregnant patients understand about the ill effects of the periodontal disease on pregnancy with various complications associated during the gestational period and maintain a good oral hygiene to prevent destruction of the periodontium.