THE CONCEPT AND PECULIARITIES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOMASS IN AGRICULTURAL AND ENERGY LAW OF UKRAINE

Bioenergetics is the exploitation of biomass energy (organisms produced by photosynthesis). «Green fuel» is sometimes the name given to plant fuel that is derived from biomass. However, the more people talk about bioenergetics, the more often the term «biofuel» is understood as a rare biofuel (biodiesel, bioethanol and methanol) and forget about solid and gas-derived — biogas, synthesis gas, pyrolysis waste, agricultural and domestic products, wood processing residues. Energy crops, which are grown to produce energy or fuel, will compete with gas and diesel in the near future. These include food plants (wheat and durum wheat) and non-food plants (energy birch, poplar and bagatore grasses, rapak, soybeans, sunflower, maize, lion, etc.). Biomass as a source of energy can be used for the indirect combustion of wood, straw, sapropel (organic bottom sediments) as well as in the milled form as a rare (epheres of rapak oil, alcohol) or gas fuel (biodiesel). Biomass-to-energy conversion can be achieved by physical, chemical and biological methods; the latter are the most promising. At present, bioenergetics is a choice that has a global perspective for the further successful development of civilization. The new energy strategy for the development of energy security of agricultural production in the conditions of transition of the Ukrainian economy to the principles of a «golden growth» requires the search for new approaches to assessment of resource and energy potential and reorientation of agricultural enterprises to more accessible and less costly sources of energy. The world is increasingly demanding energy for the generation of different types of energy and biomass is becoming the main energy source characterized by renewability and environmental friendliness. Biomass is a relatively CO2-neutral fuel, so its use does not contribute to a global greenhouse effect. It does not create risks of postponement typical for traditional energy carriers, does not depend on price factors of geopolitical character, which sometimes destabilize the situation on the energy markets.