Impact of silver nanoparticles on enhancingin vitro proliferation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos regeneration of Date palm cv. Hayani

The growth and development of in vitro plants are aided by silver nanoparticles. The Phoenix dactylifera is one in all the economically important fruit crops in many Arab countries. During this study, the various concentrations of Ag NPs (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ml/l) were added to MS basal medium to judge their effects on the embryogenic callus proliferation, differentiation, and development, regeneration of somatic embryos of feather palm Hayani cv. to check the consequences of Ag NPs, research with two separate experiments was conducted. Within the first experiment, MS basal salt medium containing 3.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 1.0 mg/l 2ip (mg/l), and different concentrations of Ag NPs were wont to determinate the embryogenic callus proliferation under in vitro conditions. While within the second experiment, the effect of MS basal medium supplemented with 0.05 NAA, 0.1 BA (mg/l), and different concentrations of Ag NPs were examined on regeneration of somatic embryos. Results of the primary experiment indicated that various concentrations of Ag NPs had a significantly affected on the embryogenic callus proliferation and substantially increased somatic embryos formation on the callus when added Ag NPs at 1.0 ml/l in MS basal medium. Within the second experiment, the appropriate medium for regeneration of somatic embryos was added 1.0 ml/l Ag NPs intothe medium which had a positive effect on the number of somatic embryos and registered to the utmost number of somatic embryos 35.30 embryo/jar with the best length of embryos 1.80 cm, the best number of leaves 43.72 leaf/jar and also the highest length 3.87 cm. During this treatment, the full chlorophyll content was 2.584 mg/g. Further, higher Ag NPs concentrations had negative effects. There was genetic stability between shoots sample which exposure with 1.0 Ag NPs and therefore the mother plant.