Design of quad band microstrip patch antenna with slits and slots

Antenna operating in multiple frequency bands has driven the demand of antennas. The design of quad band microstrip patch antenna to attain multiband with improved gain is described in this paper. Several slits and slots are introduced in the design process to allow a sole antenna to operate in multiple bands. Flame Retardant (FR)-4 Epoxy is used as a substrate material due to its low cost and effectiveness than other substrates. The antenna is built and corresponding geometry is simulated in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool, which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM). The operating frequencies of the proposed antenna are 1.8089 GHz (1.46-2.24GHz), 4.64 GHz (4.57-4.71GHz), 5.3867 GHz (5.29-5.44GHz) & 12.9778 GHz (11.36-15.3GHz) with a reflection coefficient observed -15.59 dB, -16.55 dB, -33.15 dB and -25.07 dB respectively. Wide bandwidths 0.7767GHz and 1.4GHz are observed for primary and quad bands. Narrow bandwidths are observed for second and third resonant band. The gains are observed as 14.97 dBi, 3.81 dBi, 4.48 dBi and 3.92 dBi for the respective operating frequencies. The radiation characteristics are observed semi-omni directional and omni-directional for the resonant bands. This antenna can be used in satellite radio, aircraft surveillance and some radar applications.