FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF PLATO'S IDEALISM

The article examines the origins of the formation of Plato's idealism, in which the basis for compre- hending the objective world is the sphere of the transcendental. True knowledge is based on a special cognitive activity, which has a solid foundation not in experience and sensory cognition, but on a priori ideas of intelligible essences or eidos of things. In this sense, Plato's theory of ideas can be viewed as ontological transcendentalism, since the concept of an idea encompasses the process of transcending beyond the boundaries of the sensually perceived world, forms speculative knowledge about the world as such. It is pointed out that one of the prerequi- sites for such an understanding is the early and unexplicated forms of transcendentalism of the Greek phisiolo- gists. Another prerequisite for Plato's ontological transcendentalism is the school of the Sophists and the teach- ings of Socrates. Features of the method of cognition according to Socrates lies in the emphasis on the intelligi- bility of norms and patterns of social interaction. The communicating subject, having joined virtue, acquires the ability to go beyond the limits of constant becoming, through the skills of conceptual abstraction, he joins the sphere of true being