Dental Stem Cells- Application In Dental Research And Therapeutic Implication

Stem cells are "special cells” that possess pluripotent abilities – they are able to self-renew themselves and maintain the same properties as their progenitor cells. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are fascinating cells as both embryonic and somatic stem cells when introduced into a specific part of the body can differentiate into the required cell type. Thereby, help in replacing damaged tissue and restoring tissue function. There are a multitude of cells that are a part of the embryogenesis of the orofacial region that retain pluripotent ability. The dental stem cells are an easily accessible source for stem cells. These cells, when isolated and cultured can be stimulated to proliferate and form viable tissues through chemical or virally induced methods. However, the potential of dental stem cells in treating dental disorders and diseases is less explored. The objective of this review is to recapitulates the various cells of the orofacial region with pluripotent potential and their application in treating oral and dental disorders. This paper also renders an insight into Biobanking and tissue engineering pertaining to dental tissues. A greater insight and a better understanding of the cellular features and functional properties of dental stem cells will help in developing treatment strategies for dental diseases.