Lipid Profile and IL-1? Levels in Wistar Rats with Atherogenic Diet

Background: Atherosclerosis is a pathological condition characterized by active, chronic, progressive inflammation and plaque in the artery walls. High cholesterol diet is one of the factors that can initiate inflammation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1? to cause atherosclerosis. This study aims to determine the value of lipid profile and IL-1? as a marker of atherosclerosis in male wistar rats fed atherogenic diet. As a positive control, a statin group atorvastatin 7.2 mg/kg, was used. Methods: The design of this research is a true post test control study laboratory experimental. Wistar male rats aged 10 weeks with body weight 150-200 grams were divided into 3 groups, normal, atherogenic (high cholesterol) and atorvastatin groups. Induction was carried out for 60 days and the administration of atorvastatin for 30 days. After 90 days of treatment, serum total cholesterol and IL-1? levels were measured. Results: There were significant differences in total cholesterol levels in the atherogenic group, normal group, and atorvastatin group (331.793 ?19.118 vs 113.864?6.615 vs. 144.132?35.214 mg/dL; Pless than0.001). Triglyceride levels showed significant differences in the atherogenic group, normal group, and atorvastatin group (133.335?20.080 vs. 65.38475?4.098 vs. 73.077?3.854 mg/dL; Pless than0.001). LDL cholesterol levels in the atherogenic group, normal group, and atorvastatin group showed significant differences (263,887?19,032 vs 22,369?17,1901 vs 68,192?24.947 mg/dL; Pless than0.001). HDL cholesterol levels also showed significant differences in the atherogenic group, the normal group, and the atorvastatin group (41.239?1.894 vs. 78.419?10.683 vs. 61.324?10.241 mg/dL; Pless than0.001). IL-1? showed significant differences in levels in the atherogenic group, normal group, and atorvastatin group (11,733?2,217 vs 4,348?0,273 vs 4,860?1,766 pg/mL; Pless than0.001). Pearson correlation showed that IL-1? was positively correlated with increasing levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.940; Pless than0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.910; Pless than0.001), and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.936; Pless than0.001). Conclusion: There were significant differences in lipid profiles in the atherogenic group against the normal control group and the atorvastatin group against the atherogenic group. The levels of IL-1? as a proinflammatory cytokine in atherosclerosis showed high values and were significantly different in the atherogenic group. Atorvastatin showed significantly lower IL-1? levels (Pless than0.05) compared to the atherogenic group. Based on the correlation test, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-1? secretion (Pless than0.05). So that in the future lipid profile and IL-1? can be used as markers of the severity of atherosclerosis.