Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Literature Review

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) develops when the embryonic duct persists after the migration of the thyroid gland, making it possible for it to arise anywhere along the route of the descending thyroid. Approximately 70% of congenital neck masses in children are associated with this cyst. TDC commonly present with an asymptomatic midline neck mass that is painless, movable, soft in consistency and fluctuating, and painful masses can ensue due to infection. Most TDC case are benign with only about 1% case is related to malignancy. Comprehensive history taking and a physical examination are essential for preoperative diagnosis while imaging modalities are useful not only to rule out other differential diagnosis of neck lesion resembling TDCbut also to identify a normal thyroid gland in children. Definitive management of TDC is surgery using the relatively safe Sistrunk procedure. This procedure can reduce the recurrence rate of thyroglossal duct cysts.