Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Diseases among Children in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital problem in children. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with multiple risk factors, consanguinity may be one such significant factor. The role of consanguinity in the etiology of CHD is supported by inbreeding studies, which demonstrate an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance of some congenital heart defects. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the disease pattern and factors of Congenital Heart diseases among children admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional study was carried out at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital in Dhaka City from August, 2020 to January 2021. Chromosomal test done by the patient party from outside of data collection site. Results: Among 113 children female were 44 (38.9%) and male were 69 (61.1%). The age group of participated children ?3 years of age were 23.9% (27), 4 - 6 years of age were 26.5% (30), 7 - 9 years of age were 23.9% (27), and above 10 years of age were 25.7% (29). Among all children, 13 % (15) were 5 - 10 kg, 16% (18) were 11 - 15 kg, 29% (33) were 15 - 20 kg and 42% (47) were above 20 kg respectively. Among 113 children 49 were in malnutrition, 27 in moderate nutrition and 37 were in normal; 55.75% (63) had family history of heart diseases from parents, 31.86% (36) from grandparents and 12.39% (14) from no history. Among 113 children VSD 43 (38.05%) was the most common acyanotic CHD in children followed by ASD 27 (23.89%), PDA 19 (16.81%), TOF 12 (10.62%), PVS 7 (6.19%), COA 3 (2.65%0 and TGA was 2 (1.77%). Chromosomal abnormalities were 33%, Genetic abnormalities were 27%, gestational diabetes were 19%, consagnuity were 15%, maternal rubella infection 4% and hypothyroidism were 2%. Conclusion: With the advancement of diagnostic facility and neonatal care, early detection of CHD is possible and treatment can be started at an earlier age.