Assessment of Proenkephalin (PENK) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) Biomarkers for Detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Patient with Acute Heart Failure

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a reiterated kind of organ injury in acute heart failure (AHF). As for data collection, AKI markers of serum and urine were applied for both proenkephalin (S-PENK and U-PENK) and interlocune-18(S-IL-18 and U-IL-18) in AHF. The study aimed to evaluate the competency of (S-PENK and U-PENK) and (S-IL-18 and U-IL-18) to prognosticate acute kidney injury in AHF patients. Modern studies indicate that Proenkephalin (PENK) is produced in kidneys, muscles, lung, intestine, heart, and central nervous system. The cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) is involved in the detection of AKI in AHF patients. Serum and urine PENK and IL-18 levels for all healthy and AHF patients were tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results notably revealed that serum PENK and urine PENK level increased considerably with disease severity and were quite compatible with those who reported higher mean serum PENK and urine PENK in patients diagnosed with AHF in comparison to the healthy control group. The results of this study suggest that S- PENK, U PENK, S-IL-18, and U-IL-18 can be useful potential biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI in patients AHF. In conclusion, the level of PENK and IL-18 is significantly increased in AHF, suggesting that PENK and IL-18 are a good indicator for detection of AKI in patients AHF.