Balinese Green Arabica Coffee Bean (Coffea arabica) Extract Did Not Prevent the Increase of Malondialdehyde Level and Progressivity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced High Calorie Diet

Background: An unhealthy lifestyle accompanied by the consumption of high-calorie foods in large quantities and continuously causes metabolic syndrome. This condition was in line with the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Balinese green Arabica coffee bean (Coffea arabica) extract in preventing the increase of malondialdehyde levels and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver in male Wistar rats fed a high-calorie diet. Methods: This experimental study was a post-test only control group design method. The research subjects were 30 healthy male Wistar rats which randomly divided into three (3) groups. The control group (K) only given standard food of 20 grams/day, the placebo group (P1) with 2 cc aquades and high-calorie diet with additional of 4 ml of lard oil, 2 egg yolks per day and 60% fructose from corn syrup, the treatment group (P2) with 560 mg/kgBw green Arabica coffee bean extract and high-calorie diet. After 28 days, malondialdehyde level from blood plasma were examined and histopathological observations were made on liver tissue samples using SAF score (Steatosis, Activity, Fibrosis). Results: The mean level of malondialdehyde in group K was 3.52?0.16 nmol/mL and significantly higher compared to groups P1 2.08?0.17 nmol/mL and P2 2,30?0.32 nmol/mL (p=0,00), whilst the mean level of malondialdehyde in group P1 was not significantly difference compared to group P2 (p=0,89). Histopathological analysis with SAF score in group K refer to S1A0F0, image of normal liver cells, mild activity of steatosis and the development of NAFLD without fibrosis, compared to groups P1 and P2 refer to S0A2F0, slight image of steatosis, moderate activity for the progressivity NAFLD to NASH with the picture of hepatocyte ballooning in almost all liver tissue without fibrosis. Conclusion: These findings concluded that the administration of Balinese green Arabica coffee bean extract did not prevent the increase of malondialdehyde level and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver in male wistar rats induced with a high-calorie diet.