Ecological Aspects of the Development of Harmful ObjectsonPlants of Genus Chaenomeles (Rosaceae)

Currently, the cultivation of environmentally friendly products in agriculture is of great importance in the world. This article is devoted to the study of new cultivars of genus Chaenomeles in order to identify the ones most resistant to harmful organisms for cultivation in private and farm gardens. The pathogenic microflora and entomofauna were studied on the Chaenomeles Lindl. cutivars (Maloideae, Rosaceae), obtained at the Michurinsky State Agrarian University. In central Russia (Moscow and Tambov Region), many years of systematic monitoring of pathogens and phytophages were spent for plants Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis, Ch. × superba. Among the identified pathogens, the micromycetes belonging to genera Botrytis, Cytospora, Diplocarpon, Entomosporium, Gloeosporium, Monilia, Neonectria, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta, Septoria and Sphaeropsis were found to be injurious. With age, the accumulation of infectious background, including viral diseases and the damaging entomofauna, was noted in the plantings of fruit crop Chaenomeles. The species composition of phytophages is mainly represented by autochthonous species (polyphages and oligophages), preferring plants of the Rosaceae family. Despite the abundance of species in the phytophage complex, it has a little effect on the decorative effect of Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis and Ch. ×superba. No outbreaks of epiphytotics and epizootics were observed in the collections of Chaenomeles in different ecological growing conditions over a long period of time, and, in general, all plants were in a satisfactory condition. Entomophytopathological monitoring made it possible to identify environmentally safe Chaenomeles cultivars resistant to harmful objects - such as Albatross, Allure, Voskhod, Michurinsky Vitamin, Flagship and Charm