Association of Vitamin D3 and Laboratory Factors with Early Menopause: A Case-Control Study

Background: Early menopause is defined as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) before the age of 45. ‎Some biochemical indices are known to alter hormonal responses in menopause like ‏estrogen or ‏‎progesterone levels. ‏‎‏ This study aimed to compare the association of vitamin D3 ‎and laboratory factors with‎‏  early menopause.‏ Methods: The present study was compared with a case and control group in early menopause and healthy women of the same age (50 Patients in each group), who referred to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Jahrom in 2021. Study groups were compared in terms of hormonal tests, ovarian reserve, vitamin D3 level, thyroid function, liver function, fasting blood glucose level, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: AMH was lower in women in the early menopause group than in healthy women (P=0.001). Study groups had no significant difference in terms of age, occupation, location and economic status, and body mass index (P> 0.05). Serum vitamin D3 levels as well as TSH, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P> 0.05) were not different between study groups (P=0.191). Conclusion: In this study, the results of examining laboratory factors in women with early and healthy menopause showed that serum levels of AMH hormone are very important in determining the time of early menopause. AMH levels were significantly lower in women with early menopause than in healthy. Therefore, early measurement of this hormone can prevent the complications of early menopause, but vitamin D3 and other factors were not associated with early menopause.