Multiple Sclerosis and Treatment: Drug Management and Nutrition with Exercise

MS (multiple sclerosis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS (central nervous system), characterized by the degeneration of the insulating caps of the brain and spinal nerve cells. Most axons are surrounded by an insulating lipoprotein, myelin, which helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. Myelin destruction disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a wide range of symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Multiple sclerosis affects more than 2.1 million people worldwide, but its incidence has increased in the last five decades among young people and women, with a 3: 1 ratio compared to men. Latitude is associated with a variety of environmental factors, most notably exposure to solar radiation. The risk of developing MS is inversely proportional to solar exposure and vitamin D, particularly the 1,25-(OH)2D3 derivative that has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, is probably the responsible protective agent. There are various therapies that are targeting the treatment of the disease, yet MS is considered an uncurable disease. Available medicines are aimed at relieving symptoms and improving the progression of the disease. In the present study, we will present the disease with reference to the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the disease. We will analyze the environmental factors that influence the development by reference to the etiology and pathophysiology, as well as reference to existing therapies. The ultimate aim of this study is to examine to what extent physical exercise and nutrition, in conjunction with pharmaceutical treatments and mainly intake of vitamin D, can contribute drastically to the fight against the disease and at the same time improve areas that make up the quality of life of the patient.