An Overview of Inhibitory Methods in MAPK Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Covid-19 Infection

A new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread to other regions of China and all over the world as of January, 2020. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global problem associated with infection caused by a newly discovered coronavirus and causes severe respiratory disorders. Accordingly, various studies have been conducted on it and different aspects of the disease have been identified. ACE2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme 2) is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 protein allows the virus to re-enter a wide range of human cells and to manage and treatment the Covid-19, special attention should be paid to this feature. Angiotensin II has an inhibitory effect on the expression level of ACE2 through activation of two strategic proteins, ERK1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and ERK2. Propagation of these viruses in permissive cells activates signaling pathways, which leads to activation of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) superfamily. Accordingly, some studies have explored the molecular mechanisms of MAPK signal pathways involved with inhibitory treatment. Based on recent studies, this article summarizes the mechanisms of MAPK signal transduction pathways involved with inhibitory treatment. This adds great value to the research of molecular mechanisms of inhibitory treatment and also establishes an effective source for its clinical use.