Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance

Burn injury is associated with high morbidity, long term disability and mortality. This phenomenon is seen all over the world, but is more pronounced in economically developing countries. Treatment of burn patients has evolved to a great extent today, but infection still continues to be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the burn patients. Invasion of the burn wound by microbial pathogens leads to burn wound infections in burn patients. The risk of contracting a life threatening infection is high in burn patient due to the nature of the injury, an immunocompromised state, prolonged hospital stay and multiple interventions. Septic processes account for approximately 73 of all deaths within the initial five days of post burn. Burn patients usually have a prolonged stay in the burn unit. The microbiological profile of the organisms invading the burn wounds changes over time. A burn wound typically has large amounts of protein rich fluid exudate, which forms a healthy medium for bacterial growth. New burn admissions usually show the predominance of gram positive organisms in their wounds. Gram negative organisms become more prevalent as the duration of treatment increases. These organisms are potentially more invasive. Endogenous gram negative flora from the patient's gut colonize the wounds within a few days of the burn. The gram positive flora, are the natural inhabitants of the skin. Infection in burn patient is not only one of the major reasons for mortality, but also for prolonging the hospital stay and delay skin cover procedures such as skin grafting. It is hence considered prudent for every burn institute to determine the changing anti microbial profile of the burn patients and their sensitivity pattern over time. The microbial flora affecting the burn wound is a dynamic entity and continues to evolve as the burn wound progresses. This change in the microbiological profile of the wound varies with each patient over the duration of his admission for the treatment of his burn injury and also in each burn unit over the time. Nosocomial organisms are commonly seen infecting the burn wounds and have multi drug resistance antimicrobial profiles.In addition, there was no comprehensive study done on the changing trends in the burn wound microbiology with emphasis on changing trends in the microbiological profile of burn wounds Arnab Majhi "Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49780.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49780/emerging-trends-in-antimicrobial-resistance/arnab-majhi