Review: Toxicity Volatiles of Dried Techniques for Detoxification in Cassava Leave (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) contains 310 mg/kg.dw of toxicity, making it extremely toxic to ruminants. The major goal of the research project is to determine the best approach for managing or decreasing the toxicity contents of cassava leaves using a drying method in order to use cassava leaves for ruminant feedstuffs.Based on the previous results, it was discovered that premium hydrogen cyanide (HCN) degradation of cassava leaves was achieved using two different drying procedures (natural drying and oven drying). The first strategy, based on natural drying for 2-3 days, degraded 95.9%; 8 days, 93.2%; 2-3 days, 94%; and 1-2 days, 80% (80-90 °C; 24h, degraded 38.9%), (50 °C; 24h, degraded 31.5%), (60 °C; 20h, degraded 68-76% (leaf) or 24-36% (foliage), (45 °C, 60 0C, and 75 0C; 20h, degraded 34%, 53.46%, and 9.35%. As a result, dried at (75°C; 33h and 75°C; 50h) deteriorated to between 0.05 mg kg-1 (99.95%) and 0 mg kg-1 (99.95%), (100% removed). The greatest results were found on dried HCN bound 94-95.9% by SND for 2-3d and OVD for 2-3days HCN bound 94-95.9% by OVD (75 °C; 50h), deteriorated 100%. The cassava leaves drying process by sun-drying alone offers various operational benefits and requires less time to manage since manufacturing and providing ruminant feedstuffs. As a result, because sun-drying (24-36 hours) is particularly practical for small-scale farming, concentration feeding innovators should adopt it. Separately, medium and large-scale farming should use an oven at (75 °C; 33h) to remove 99.95 % of HCN due to its economic efficacy. In particularly, cassava plays an essential role in ruminant farming. Thus, minimum toxicity in cassava leaves could improve the nutritional content in feedstuffs.