Survey on Bio-Inspired Approaches for Allocation of Spectrum in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) is a viable technology for tackling spectrum shortages and increasing the use of radio spectrum that is currently underused. This study looks at how multi-objective optimization methods are used for power and spectrum allocations in cognitive radio networks. There are a lot of performance criteria to consider. Spectrum allocation involves several multi-objective optimization (MOOP) problems, such as maximizing throughput, improving network efficiency, and reducing the interference between primary and secondary users. It is impossible to attain with a single-objective optimization strategy. For accomplishing contested multi-objective goals, several bio-inspired techniques such as (PSO, GA, NSGA-II, and ACO) are applied.