Recent Advances and Applications in Graphene Nanofluids: A Comprehensive Study

Nanofluids are fluids containing suspensions of nanoparticles that display significant property enhancement even at low concentrations of nanoparticle. Many of the articles on nanofluids aim to improve our understanding of their performance so that in applications like nuclear reactors, transportation, electronics, biomedicine, and food it can be used. This paper goes over the fundamentals that facilitate heat transmission by introducing nanoparticles. Graphene nanofluids and their properties, as well as current developments in their production, evaluation methodologies, and approaches to improve graphene nanofluid stability, is explored, as well as possible applications in a range of energy domains. Various researchers' reports on the thermophysical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of graphene nanofluids, as well as their heat transmission performance, are discussed. Using graphene nanofluids in real-world applications also comes with a number of challenges. This article is intended to serve as a handy reference guide in order to fully understand graphene nanofluid heat transfer mechanisms, in addition to the most crucial components that determine graphene nanofluids' predicted thermal performance.