3D Printed Models ?pplication Intraining of Endoscopically Navigated Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Procedure

Aim: Printing three - dimensional (3D) simulation models to be used for training in trocar ? guided endoscopic technique navigating maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure. Materials and methods: Based on 20 preoperative CBCT images (10 of male and 10 of female patients), using a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file, to print 20 3D simulation models using a 3D printer with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing principle. Results: The 3D printing algorithm presented by us can be useful for the production of FDM 3D simulation models based on CBCT images, as accessible teaching materials with detailed reproduction of the anatomical features of the maxillary sinus, the materialized visualization of the surgical field serves as a simulator to enhance manual skills and provides an opportunity to find the most accurate approach in the preoperative preparation. Conclusion: FDM 3D printing is a reliable, fast, accessible and low ? cost option to create detailed anatomical simulation models for use in the training of undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD students, although the production of the models requires interdisciplinary skills.