Tibia Plateau Fractures: Etiology, Biomechanics, Complications, Evolution of Topography, Surgical Approaches, and Rehabilitation

Tibia plateau fractures constitute an estimated 1 % of all fractures. Tibia plateau fractures are commonly seen in the elderly and young active population. The most common mode of injury overall is pedestrians struck by motorized vehicles (30%) followed by low energy falls (22%). The majority of tibial plateau fractures in the elderly are due to low energy falls, more so in females, and fractures involving the lateral tibial plateau are more common than medial condyle or bicondylar fractures. Whereas in the younger age group, high energy mechanisms predominate. Males are more susceptible among the younger and indicate an inversion of gender preponderance. Motor vehicular accidents, sports, and falls from height are among the leading causes of trauma.