A Case Report on Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Lupus Nephritis, Acute Pancreatitis, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), Macrophage Activating Syndrome (MAS)

Systemic lupus erythematous is an autoimmune disease. Healthy tissues mistakenly damaged by the immune system of its own. Skin, joints, of the body brain, kidneys and other organs of the body were damaged. It is characterized by antibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, multisystem inflammation, protean clinical manifestation and a relapsing and remitting course. More than 90% of cases of SLE occur in women, frequently starting at childbearing age. Lupus nephritis is a frequent complication of SLE. It damages structures of kidneys that filter out waste. It causes inflammation and may lead blood and protein in the urine and creates high blood pressure sometimes kidney failure too. Inflammation of the pancreases indicates pancreatitis and of two types depending upon the degree of abdominal pain and pancreatic damage. One is acute pancreatitis and another one will be chronic pancreatitis. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by a headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual loss and characterized by white matter vasogenic oedema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly. This clinical syndrome is increasingly recognized due to improvement and availability of brain imaging specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of rheumatic disease in childhood, particularly in systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA). It is characterized by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages.