Histopathological Lesions of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Ten Months Study

Introduction: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are exposed to many environmental pollutants and pathogens. Exposure to such influences can lead to a variety of lesions primarily affecting the sinonasal tract. Nasal polyps are polypoidal masses arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. They can be non - neoplastic, can have an infective etiology, or they can be benign or malignant. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence, age and sex distribution and to enlist the different types of lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Materials and methods: The present study was undertaken in histopathology laboratory of Department of Pathology, GMERS medical college and hospital, sola, Ahmedabad for period of 10 months from July 2021 to April 2022. A histopathological study of total 100 cases of nasal lesions was done. The formalin fixed specimens were received with complete clinical and radiological features. Routine gross examination and required number of sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Periodic acid Schiff?swas used wherever necessary. Result: A total of 100 patients presented in this study. Out of this 64 patients are male and 36 patients are females. Male to female ratio is 1.7: 1. Maximum numbers of case present in 51 - 60 age group with 24 (24%) of case. These 100 cases were broadly categorized in two categories, one category as non neoplastic lesion and the other as neoplastic lesions. In this study 95 cases are non neoplastic and 5 cases are neoplastic. In neoplastic lesions 4 case are benign and 1 case was malignant lesions. These lesions were common in fifth and sixth decade with male predominance. Conclusion: Sinonasal lesions are common lesions of head and neck region with higher prevalence of benign lesions, where nasal cavity is commonest site. It is concluded that for proper evaluation of a nasal lesions, clinical and histopathological evaluation helps us to categorize these sinonasal lesions into various non - neoplastic and neoplastic types. Histopathology always gives a confirmatory diagnosis. Although rare, unexpected clinically relevant findings may be identified during routine histologic examination of nasal mass specimens.