Social Division of Labor in the Modern Economy: the State and Directions of Development

From time immemorial, the problem of social division of labor has been central to the scientific works of prominent philosophers and economists. Various aspects of the division of labor are described in the works of Platon, Ksenophont, Aristotle, Petty W., Smith A., Marks K., Schumpeter J., Weber M. and modern economists. It is proved that the division of labor is a determining factor in the economy, its efficiency, technical progress. The problem is considered in detail and systematically in the works of A. Smith, K. Marks, J. Keynes and our contemporaries. However, this applied to pre-capitalist and capitalist industries, where the main role in labor belonged to physical labor, based on the use of natural forces and man-made machines, mechanisms and complexes. Using the methods of systems analysis, dialectics, the concept of the three forces of development, the problem is investigated in the annotated article. It is proved that in the conditions of III PR, V-VI TU the central place in the social division of labor is occupied by its vertical deepening, division and synthesis of mental, intellectual work. It is shown that the division of labor is inherent in all productions of all socio-economic formations, commodity and non-commodity production, market and non-market relations. The degree of division of labor in unlimited markets is limited by the technical, scientific, technological capabilities of economic entities, and in limited markets - their volume and capacity. The author's vision of driving forces and conditions of restriction (acceleration) of division of labor (mainly mental, intellectual) in the conditions of inclusive, supervisory capitalism (post-industrial, hyper-industrial), models of the new economic system is stated. The characteristics of modern capitalist production, its features and characteristic factors of development are given. Management models of modern corporations are considered, including the structure of two-level collaborative hierarchy, eco-platforms. The necessity of observance of regularities in modern management and the fact that the control system must be qualitatively higher and more complex than the controlled system are proved. This is facilitated by rational structures and forms of division of labor, including mental, scientific, managerial and their cooperation, changing the direction of information flows from vertically descending to horizontal and vertically ascending.