A Review on Phospholipid and Liposome Carriers: Synthetic Methods and Their Applications in Drug Delivery

In drug delivery, it is attempted to keep the biocompatibility of drugs in body organs. For example, it is needed to use a high dosage of anti-cancer drugs several times, which shows side effects such as hair loss and paleness. Therefore, the researchers developed phospholipids, liposomes, and micelles as carriers, causing to delivery of drugs at defined times and organs. In phospholipids, there are hydrophile group and hydrophobe chains the hydrophobe groups of acyles are attached to alcohols and makes various phospholipids. The most common phospholipids are phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanol amine, serine, etc. Liposomes are oily visicol in aqueous solutions. Also, liposome carriers are commercially found and the ratio of liposomes to other carriers has been reported. Micelles are comprised of oils in aqueous media. The co-chelating agents are divalent phospholipids of natural materials that are potent in the delivery of fungicides, protein, etc. Microgels are three-dimensional polymer networks colloidal gels. Hydrogels, another candidate for controlled drug release, have a special application in the field of controlled drug release, due to their high internal free volume with high fractions of loaded drugs.