Impact of over cultivation of Makhana, Euryale ferox Salisb

Euryale ferox Salisb. is a commercially very important plant as it possesses spiritual significance, potent medicinal properties and enhances socio-economical condition of the locality. In India, this plant is grown annually at large scale in 9 districts of North Bihar namely Madhubani, Darbhanga, Katihar, Sitamarhi, Purnea, Kishanganj, Araria, Saharsa and Supaul. However, its cultivation was started in the neighbouring district Maldah specifically in Harishchandrapur - II Block of Tal area by bringing seeds from Darbangha, Bihar on experimental basis with assistance of the State Government of West Bengal, in 1998. By 2001, it spread from Harishchandrapur - II Block to Harishchandrapur - I Block followed by Chanchal - II Block in Tal area to Gajol Block in Barind area and to Diara area by 2012. The exponential spread of plant and adoption of cultivation practice in Maldah district has altered the actual agricultural practice of the district and creating ecological imbalances in water bodies resulted in loss of aquatic biodiversity and may lead to health hazard of the associated personnel though the popped makhana is on high pricing and demand. Thus, this article deals with different kinds of impacts and mitigation measures for restoration of water bodies, aquatic biodiversity and welfare of associated manpower for their better livelihood.