Perceptions of Teachers on Factors That Cause Learners at Risk of Dropped Out: The Case of Public Elementary Schools

This study aimed to identify the perceptions of the teachers and parents on factors that cause learners at risk of dropping out of school. The review of the literature relates, synthesizes, and identifies relevant studies. The literature review is as follows. The literature review begins with the Constructivist Theory of Perception by Richard Gregory (1970). The idea is taken from the past potential intelligence of information chosen and applied to new situations. At the same time, active processing of kinetic data can be used to solve current perceptual problems. (Demuth, 2013). According to Christiansen (2019), constructive perception is a perception theory in which the one who sees uses sensory information and other references to build a mindful understanding of the object. Compared to this top-down view, there is the bottom-up approach of direct experience. Then, it is supported by the Developmental Theory of Jeremy D. Finn (1989), which adopts a developmental perspective on dropout. Jeremy D. Finn is a public education specialist who studies K to 12 fundamental education key issues using numerical methodological approaches. He examines the impact of class size on education, educational success, completion rates, and future jobs. Finn was a primary researcher in the most critical study involving class size yet conducted in Education in the United States. The groundbreaking long-term survey of 12,000 pupils began in 1985 and is still ongoing. Researchers are attempting to determine whether there is a link between class size and other life variables like job and fatality rates.