Histochemical and Biochemical Changes in CommonCarp(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1785) Liver after Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos Exposure

Nowadays pollution of aquatic ecosystems with pesticides causes acute and chronic poisoning of fish, leading to serious damage to vital organs, such as the liver. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) is a popular edible fish favored for culture due to its rapid growth, hardiness and reproduction in confined waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the negative effects of cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), based on their maximum allowable concentrations (Directive 2013/39/EU) on histochemical and biochemical biomarkers in the liver of common carp. The histochemical analysis included Periodic acid-Shiff stainig (PAS reaction) and Sudan Black B staining, while in the biochemical study different hepatic enzyme activities such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). The negative effects of the tested pesticides on fish were expressed with liver changes in the amount of glycogen and lipids, and enzyme changes of LDH, ASAT and ALAT, caused by the acute and chronic exposure to cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos under laboratory conditions. The results fromsuch experimental set ups could be used in the legislation of protection water bodies fromcontamination, in areas near intensive application of plant protection products and also in implementing the Directive 2013/39/EU and Water Frame Directive by using multi-biomarker approaches