Development of Learning Tools Assisted by Manipulative Teaching Aids Through Problem-Based Learning

The purpose of this research is to produce valid, practical, and effective teaching materials assisted by manipulative teaching aids through problem-based learning. The study was conducted on students of class XI at SMK YPK Medan, North Sumatra. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D Model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The instrument used in data collection consisted of a problem-solving ability test that had been validated, and a learning independence questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that the results obtained in this study are (1) Learning tools assisted by manipulative teaching aids through problem-based learning are included in the valid category; (2) Learning tools assisted by manipulative teaching aids through problem-based learning produced are practically used in learning; (3) Learning tools assisted by manipulative teaching aids through problem-based learning produced are effectively used in increasing problem solving abilities and student learning independence.