A Recent Update on Pyridine Derivatives as a Potential Lead for Diabetes Mellitus

The fact that pyridine-based ring structures have a strong impact on pharmacological activity and have been used so frequently in the drug development process is largely responsible for the discovery of numerous broad range medicinal medicines. Pyridine is a fundamental heterocyclic chemical molecule with an identical conjugated six-electron system to benzene. With the rise in popularity of niacin in 1960, pyridine became an intriguing target. Pyridine and its derivatives are widely distributed in nature, where they serve a crucial role in heterocyclic chemistry and numerous uses in the field of medicine. Globally, 110 million individuals were expected to have diabetes in 1994, and 239 million were projected to have it by 2010. It was reported in 1998 that 135 million people had diabetes in 1995 and that 300 million people would have the condition by 2025. According to a later study, the number of persons with diabetes worldwide increased from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by the year 2030. According to the International Diabetes Federation's most recent projection, there would be approximately 600 million people living with diabetes worldwide by 2035, up from the previous estimate of 382 million for 2030. Given that diabetes is a global pandemic, it is clear from all of these data that novel anti-diabetic medicine formulations are required. The anti-diabetic properties of various pyridine derivatives from the research articles published up to this point are the focus of this review study.