EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES ACCORDING TO BIOPHYSICAL INDICATORS OF ORAL FLUID IN TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS WHO SMOKE

The harmful habit of smoking is widespread among different strata of the population and remains an important medical and social problem both in our country and abroad. Smoking is a manageable factor that causes smoker-specific diseases and contributes to the onset, and progression of dental diseases such as periodontal tissue. The oral cavity is the first barrierin the human body against the negative effects of smoke, both from traditional cigarettes and from modern alternative means of smoking. Oral fluid can act as a diagnostic indicator that reflects the state of the organs in the oral cavity, predicts the course of the disease, and evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment.Objective.The goal is to study the effectiveness of treatment of periodontal tissue diseases based on biophysical indicators of oral fluid in teenagers and young adults who smoke.Materials and methods. The effect of treatment on the biophysical indicators of oral fluid (oral fluid salivation rate, saliva viscosity, pH) was studied in 114 teenagers and young adults aged 15 to 24, who were divided into groups: 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes were included in the first group; in the II group -22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Vapes); in the III group -23 people who regularly smoke devices for heating tobacco (IQOS); in the IV group -43 non-smokers.The pH level of the oral fluid was determined using standard test strips ("SPOFA", Czech Republic), saliva viscosity -according to the method of T.L. Redinova, the rate of salivation -by taking mixed unstimulated saliva into a test tube for 5-15 minuteswhile it flows freely and was determined according to the formula.Results. Тhe average values of the salivary rate indicators in the examined subjects of the I group was (0,36±0,02) ml/min, which is 1,4 times less than in non-smokers of IV group, respectively (0,52±0,03) ml/min (p<0,001). People who smoke alternative types of cigarettes also found a 1,2-fold decrease in blood pressure compared to non-smokers, respectively, in the subjects of the II group -(0,43±0,01) and in the subjects of the III group -(0,45±0,02) ml/min (p<0,001). A decrease in the pH level (6,34±0,02) was found in the subjects of the I group, which was 1,1 times less compared to the examined subjects of the IV group, respectively (7,11±0,01), (р<0,001). A slight decrease in the pH indicator was also found in comparison with non-smokers in II and III groups, respectively (6,62±0,03) and (6,69±0,01). The average viscosity of saliva in the subjects of the I group was (1,89±0,03) units, which is 1,3 times higher compared to the individuals of the IV group, respectively (1,45±0,02) units, (р<0,001). In teenagers and young adults who smoke alternative types of cigarettes, the value of the indicator increases by 1,1 times, respectively in the II group -(1,67±0,01) and in the III group -(1,63±0,01), (p<0,001).Comparing the data obtained after treatment, better results of normalization of biophysical indicators of oral fluid were registered in patients who received the proposed complex treatment than in people who received therapy according to the generally accepted protocol, as well as in teenagers and young adults without a bad smoking habit.Conclusions.The analysis of the obtained results of the treatment shows the higher efficiency of the proposed complex treatment in comparison with thetherapy according to the generally accepted treatment protocol. Oral fluid indicators can be an early prognostic test for assessing the state of the oral cavity in teenagers and young adults who smoke, and also serve as a diagnostic criterion for the effectiveness of the treatment.Keywords:oral fluid, teenagers and young adults, smoking, treatment of periodontal diseases.