Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoarthritis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Overweight (obesity), and osteoarthritis (OA) are chronic disorders that commonly coexist. While the mechanical effects of increased body weight on joints may explain lower limb OA; in this review we wanted to see the relation between T2DM and OA and how T2DM plays a role in OA pathogenesis. The impact of T2DM on the progression of OA is a topic of investigation. T2DM causes OA through two key pathways: oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation, both of which are caused by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. T2DM is a risk factor for the advancement of OA and has a detrimental influence on the results of arthroplasty. Some of the most commonly prescribed anti-OA medications, such as paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroid injections have been linked to safety concerns, while other anti-OA medications, such as glucosamine and intra-articular hyaluronic acid, may be safe in OA patients with T2DM. In this review we conducted a thorough assessment to see the relationship between T2DM and OA.