THE GAISIN DISTRICT IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD (1862–1872): FEATURES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, DEMOGRAPHY, AND CLASS STRATIFICATION

The purpose of the study is based on various sources to analyze the socio-economic development and demographic status of the Gaisin district of Podillia province in the post-reform period (1862–1872). Using statistical sources, we will try to find out how peasant reform influenced the social and economic life of the population of the region and to identify capitalist relations in this part of Podillia province. The research methodology is based on historical, statistical, comparative, chronological, and logical methods. The scientific novelty is to ask the question of the need to study the social and economic life and demographic status of the land of Right-Bank Ukraine in the post-reform period based on archival sources and documents, reassessment of certain provisions in history related to the development of capitalism. Conclusions. Thus, in the post-reform period, the Gaisin district remained a backward agricultural region, with almost no factory industry and no industrial proletariat. The landlords owned most of the land, which they gradually began to lease out, and agriculture was based on backward farming systems and primitive tools. Such an economic system was low -productive. The peasant reform did not lead in this region to forming a free market, developing technologies, and social modernization. The main productive force remained a peasantry, which for some reason did not «hurry» to adapt to capitalist forms of management. Most products were produced for their own consumption, not the market, as required by capitalism.