Мain factors causing male infertility: A review

Human infertility affects millions of people of reproductive age worldwide and impacts their families and communities. Approximately half of the cases of childless couples are due to problems with male fertility (male factor). In this review, a complex of factors that affect the quality of male fertility is presented. Particular attention is paid to the main factors in the organism representing endogenous factors and to the influence of the professional environment and lifestyle, which represent the exogenous factors. In regard to the exogenous factors, it is important to establish the effect of different environmental factors, such as air pollution, presence of various contaminants, such as chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals, radiation, etc. The exogenous factors also include lifestyle features such as intake of alcohol, smoking, drugs, hazards in the professional working environment, social and psychological aspects, etc. Moreover, with reference to the impact of harmful effects in the professional work environment, the negative factors could be the increased levels of the radiation fund, temperature fluctuations, dustiness, immobility and sitting in the same place for a long time, etc. Obesity and dietary disorders are also associated with the expression of the male factor. In conclusion, it is suggested that for the definition and implementation of adequate and correct treatment of the problems with male fertility, the whole complex of factors should be considered in order to achieve the best results in the procedures associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF).